5. PNP vs NPN Sensors: Sourcing and Sinking Explained (5 of 15)


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Introduction

In industrial automation, many DC sensors are either PNP or NPN.

This is one of the most important wiring concepts for PLC technicians to understand because it determines how current flows …

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6. 2-Wire vs 3-Wire Sensors in PLC Systems (6 of 15)


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Introduction

In industrial PLC systems, sensors are commonly wired as either 2-wire or 3-wire devices.

At first, this sounds simple:

2-wire sensor = two wires3-wire sensor = three wires

But the real difference is …

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7. Photoelectric Sensors: Through-Beam, Retroreflective, and Diffuse (7 0f 15)


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Introduction

Photoelectric sensors are one of the most common sensors used in industrial automation. They are used to detect objects without physical contact by using light.

In PLC systems, photoelectric sensors are …

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8. Inductive Proximity Sensors: How They Detect Metal (8 of 15)


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Introduction

Inductive proximity sensors are one of the most common sensors used in industrial automation. They are designed to detect metal objects without physical contact.

In PLC systems, inductive proximity sensors are …

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9. Capacitive Sensors: Detecting Liquids, Plastic, Glass, and Powders (9 of 15)


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Introduction

Capacitive sensors are industrial proximity sensors used to detect materials that many other sensors cannot detect easily.

Unlike an inductive proximity sensor, which is mainly used for metal detection, a capacitive …

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11. Limit Switches: Mechanical Position Feedback in Industrial Machines (11 of 15)


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Introduction

A limit switch is one of the most common and important feedback devices used in industrial machines.

Unlike photoelectric, inductive, capacitive, or ultrasonic sensors, a limit switch normally requires physical contact …

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13. Sensor Troubleshooting: When the PLC Does Not See the Input (13 of 15)


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Introduction

One of the most common troubleshooting situations in industrial automation is when a field sensor appears to be working, but the PLC does not see the input.

A technician may see …

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14. Sensor Wiring Best Practices for Industrial Control Panels (14 of 15)


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Introduction

Sensor wiring is one of the most important parts of a reliable industrial control system.

A PLC program can be well written.The sensor can be the correct model.The machine logic can …

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How to Troubleshoot PLC Inputs and Outputs


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A Practical Guide for Automation Technicians

When a machine stops working, many people quickly say:

“The PLC is not working.”

But in real industrial troubleshooting, the PLC is only one part of the …

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PLC Inputs, Logic, and Outputs Explained


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The Basic Foundation of Every PLC-Controlled System

Every PLC-controlled machine, no matter how simple or complex, follows the same basic control idea:

Inputs provide information, logic makes decisions, and outputs perform the …

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