5. Discrete I/O vs Analog I/O ( 5 of 35 )


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In PLC systems, not all signals are the same.

Some signals are simple ON/OFF signals. Other signals represent a changing value such as pressure, temperature, tank level, speed, or weight.

That is …

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6. Sinking and Sourcing Inputs Explained Simply ( 6 of 35 )


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One of the most confusing topics for many automation technicians is sinking and sourcing.

You may hear people say:

PNP sensorNPN sensorSourcing inputSinking inputCurrent sourcingCurrent sinking

At first, it sounds complicated. But the …

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19. PLC Forcing: When to Use It and When Not To ( 19 to 35 )


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In PLC troubleshooting, one of the most powerful and dangerous tools is forcing.

A PLC force allows a technician or programmer to manually override the normal state of an input or …

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25. PLC Troubleshooting Step-by-Step ( 25 of 35 )


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PLC troubleshooting is not about guessing which part is bad.

A good Automation Technician follows a method.

When a machine does not run, the problem could be in many places:

Field device
Sensor wiring
24 …

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26. Input Malfunctions: How to Troubleshoot PLC Inputs ( 26 of 35 )


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PLC input problems are very common in industrial automation.

A machine may stop, refuse to start, stay stuck in a sequence, or show an HMI alarm because the PLC is not …

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4. The Backtracking Method: Start at the Point of Failure (4 of 13)


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A Practical Troubleshooting Method for Electrical Control Panels

When troubleshooting an electrical control panel, one of the most effective methods is called the backtracking method.

The idea is simple:

Start where the problem …

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5. Troubleshooting When Nothing Works (5 of 13)


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How to Diagnose a Control Panel That Appears Completely Dead

One of the most common troubleshooting situations in an electrical control panel is this:

Nothing works.No lights.No relay response.No motor starter.No PLC …

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9. PLC Troubleshooting: Inputs, Logic, Outputs, and Field Devices (9 of 13)


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How to Diagnose PLC-Controlled Circuits Without Guessing

PLC troubleshooting is one of the most important skills for an automation or maintenance technician. In modern industrial panels, the PLC is often the …

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11. Industrial Sensors: The Eyes and Ears of the PLC (11 of 41)


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In industrial automation, the PLC does not know what is happening in the real world unless field devices send information back to it.

That is the job of sensors.

Sensors detect physical …

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How to Troubleshoot PLC Inputs and Outputs


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A Practical Guide for Automation Technicians

When a machine stops working, many people quickly say:

“The PLC is not working.”

But in real industrial troubleshooting, the PLC is only one part of the …

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