16. PLC Counters: CTU, CTD, and One-Shots ( 16 of 35 )


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In industrial automation, PLC counters are used when a machine needs to count events.

A counter can count:

Parts
Boxes
Bottles
Cycles
Machine strokes
Rejects
Pallets
Sensor pulses
Production totals

A counter does not count time.A counter counts how many times …

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18. Program Control Instructions: JSR, MCR, JMP, and Fault Routine ( 18 of 35 )


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In PLC programming, not every instruction directly turns on a motor, counts a box, or starts a timer.

Some instructions are used to control how the PLC program executes.

These are called …

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19. PLC Forcing: When to Use It and When Not To ( 19 to 35 )


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In PLC troubleshooting, one of the most powerful and dangerous tools is forcing.

A PLC force allows a technician or programmer to manually override the normal state of an input or …

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20. Data Move, Compare, and Math Instructions ( 20 of 35 )


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In PLC programming, not all logic is simple ON/OFF control.

Sometimes the PLC needs to work with numbers.

The PLC may need to:

Move a value from one tag to another
Compare a process …

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21. Analog Scaling for PLC Technicians ( 21 of 35 )


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In PLC programming, not all logic is simple ON/OFF control.

Sometimes the PLC needs to work with numbers.

The PLC may need to:

Move a value from one tag to another
Compare a process …

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22. Sequencers and Shift Registers ( 22 of 35 )


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In many PLC programs, the machine does not only turn devices ON and OFF randomly.

The machine often needs to follow a specific order.

For example:

Step 1: Start conveyor
Step 2: Detect product
Step …

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28. HMI Basics for PLC Technicians ( 28 of 35 )


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An HMI, or Human Machine Interface, is the screen that allows operators and technicians to interact with a machine or process.

A PLC controls the machine, but the HMI gives the …

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33. PLC Programming Best Practices: Structure, Tags, Comments, and Troubleshooting ( 33 of 35 )


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PLC Programming Best Practices

A PLC program should not only make the machine run.

A good PLC program should also be:

Easy to understand
Easy to troubleshoot
Easy to modify
Easy to document
Easy to recover
Safe to …

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20. Ladder Logic Basics for Automation Technicians (20 of 41)


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Ladder logic is one of the most common programming languages used in industrial automation.

It is used to program PLCs that control machines, conveyors, pumps, valves, motors, packaging equipment, process systems, …

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21. Professional PLC Program Structure (21 of 41)


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A PLC program should do more than make a machine run.

A professional PLC program should be:

OrganizedReadableTroubleshooting-friendlySafeConsistentExpandableMaintainable

In real industrial environments, machines are modified, maintained, repaired, upgraded, and troubleshot by different technicians …

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