19. PLC Forcing: When to Use It and When Not To


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In PLC troubleshooting, one of the most powerful and dangerous tools is forcing.

A PLC force allows a technician or programmer to manually override the normal state of an input or …

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18. Program Control Instructions: JSR, MCR, JMP, and Fault Routine


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In PLC programming, not every instruction directly turns on a motor, counts a box, or starts a timer.

Some instructions are used to control how the PLC program executes.

These are called …

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17. High-Speed Counters and Encoders


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In the previous post, we covered standard PLC counters such as:

CTU = Count Up
CTD = Count Down
CTUD = Count Up / Count Down

Those counters work well for many basic counting …

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16. PLC Counters: CTU, CTD, and One-Shots


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In industrial automation, PLC counters are used when a machine needs to count events.

A counter can count:

Parts
Boxes
Bottles
Cycles
Machine strokes
Rejects
Pallets
Sensor pulses
Production totals

A counter does not count time.A counter counts how many times …

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15. Cascading Timers and Practical Timer Applications


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In the previous post, we covered the basic PLC timer instructions:

TON = Timer On Delay
TOF = Timer Off Delay
RTO = Retentive Timer On

Now we are going one step deeper.

In real …

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14. Timers in PLC Programming: TON, TOF, and RTO


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Timers are one of the most common instructions used in PLC programming.

A timer allows the PLC to use time as part of the control logic.

In simple words:

A PLC timer waits …

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13. Electrical Interlocking in PLC Programs


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An interlock is a condition used to prevent two incompatible or unsafe actions from happening at the same time.

In simple words:

An interlock blocks an action when another condition makes that …

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2. Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Power in Industrial Automation


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Introduction

Every industrial automation system is built on four fundamental electrical concepts:

Voltage

Current

Resistance

Power

These four concepts explain why a sensor works, why a relay energizes, why a motor turns, and why electrical components …

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12. Seal-In Circuits Explained


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Seal-In Circuits Explained

A seal-in circuit is one of the most important basic patterns in PLC ladder logic and relay logic.

It is commonly used when an operator presses a momentary Start …

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1. What Is Industrial Electricity and Why Automation Technicians Need It?


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Industrial automation depends completely on electricity.

A PLC cannot read a sensor without electrical power. A VFD cannot control a motor without a three-phase supply. A solenoid valve cannot move without …

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