15. Industrial Instrumentation Basics for Automation Technicians (15 of 41)


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Industrial instrumentation is one of the most important areas of automation.

Sensors tell the PLC when something is ON or OFF.

Instrumentation tells the PLC how much, how high, how hot, how …

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3. Instrument Signals: How Field Devices Talk to the PLC


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Discrete, Analog, and Digital Signals for Automation Technicians

Industrial instruments measure real-world process conditions such as pressure, level, flow, temperature, weight, pH, or gas concentration. But the PLC cannot directly read …

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Analog Scaling Basics for PLC Technicians


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Turning Real-World Signals Into Useful Numbers

In PLC troubleshooting and programming, not every signal is simply ON or OFF.

Many devices send a variable signal that represents a real-world measurement, such as:

TemperaturePressureLevelFlowWeightValve …

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