6. Sinking and Sourcing Inputs Explained Simply


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One of the most confusing topics for many automation technicians is sinking and sourcing.

You may hear people say:

PNP sensorNPN sensorSourcing inputSinking inputCurrent sourcingCurrent sinking

At first, it sounds complicated. But the …

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6. VFD Start Sources and Speed References Explained (6 of 19)


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Introduction

One of the most common problems when troubleshooting a Variable Frequency Drive is not electrical power, not the motor, and not even a bad drive.

Many times the real issue is …

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7. 2-Wire vs 3-Wire VFD Control (7 of 19)


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Introduction

When a Variable Frequency Drive is controlled from external pushbuttons, selector switches, relays, or PLC outputs, the technician must understand the difference between 2-wire control and 3-wire control.

These two control …

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Understanding PLC I/O Modules


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How PLCs Connect to the Real World

A PLC does not control a machine by itself. It needs a way to receive signals from field devices and send commands back to …

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