15. Cascading Timers and Practical Timer Applications


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In the previous post, we covered the basic PLC timer instructions:

TON = Timer On Delay
TOF = Timer Off Delay
RTO = Retentive Timer On

Now we are going one step deeper.

In real …

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14. Timers in PLC Programming: TON, TOF, and RTO


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Timers are one of the most common instructions used in PLC programming.

A timer allows the PLC to use time as part of the control logic.

In simple words:

A PLC timer waits …

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13. Electrical Interlocking in PLC Programs


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An interlock is a condition used to prevent two incompatible or unsafe actions from happening at the same time.

In simple words:

An interlock blocks an action when another condition makes that …

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12. Seal-In Circuits Explained


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Seal-In Circuits Explained

A seal-in circuit is one of the most important basic patterns in PLC ladder logic and relay logic.

It is commonly used when an operator presses a momentary Start …

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11. Basics of Ladder Logic Programming


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Ladder Logic is one of the most common PLC programming languages used in industrial automation.

It was designed to look similar to electrical relay control circuits, which makes it easier for …

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10. Fundamentals of Logic: AND, OR, NOT in Ladder Logic10.


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Before learning advanced PLC programming, every automation technician must understand the basic logic operations used in ladder logic.

The three most important logic functions are:

AND
OR
NOT

These are the foundation of almost every …

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9. Number Systems for PLC Technicians


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When working with PLCs, it is important to understand that the controller does not “think” the same way humans do.

Humans normally use the decimal system:

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …

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8. PLC Memory Basics: Bits, Words, DINTs, and Tags


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To understand PLC programming, you need to understand how a PLC stores information.

A PLC does not only turn inputs and outputs ON or OFF. It also stores data in memory.

That …

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7. PLC Addressing: Rack/Slot vs Tag-Based


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PLC Addressing: Rack/Slot vs Tag-Based

In a PLC system, every input, output, and internal memory location needs a way to be identified by the controller.

This identification method is called addressing.

In simple …

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