17. Temperature, Pressure, Level, Flow, and Weight Measurement


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Industrial automation is not only about starting motors, reading sensors, or turning outputs ON and OFF.

Many machines and processes need to measure real physical values.

Examples:

Temperature = 180°FPressure = 72 PSITank …

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16. Analog Signals: 4–20 mA, 0–10 VDC, and PLC Scaling


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In industrial automation, not every signal is simply ON or OFF.

Some devices need to send a real measurement to the PLC.

Examples:

Pressure = 72.5 PSITank Level = 63%Temperature = 180°FFlow = …

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15. Industrial Instrumentation Basics for Automation Technicians


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Industrial instrumentation is one of the most important areas of automation.

Sensors tell the PLC when something is ON or OFF.

Instrumentation tells the PLC how much, how high, how hot, how …

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